It seems unlikely that a system designed for a single species could account for differences in blood characteristics between species and even taxonomic classes. However, it is of note that the i-STAT system was originally conceived for medical application and that the measurement and especially the calculation of many parameters are based on constants and algorithms derived for human blood.
I STAT CLEW UPDATE PORTABLE
In fact, the measurement of blood gases and acid–base status of many wild animals became possible only after the introduction of portable clinical analysers, such as the i-STAT system and still today, it is often the only viable method available to researchers working in the field who are interested in measuring these important physiological parameters. Harms et al., 2003) and a large number of fish species (see Stoot et al., 2014). Owing to these undisputed advantages over conventional analytical techniques, the i-STAT system is gaining popularity in biological research, for the analysis of blood on site and on a wide range of species, including mammals (e.g. The i-STAT is a rugged, light-weight, battery-powered, handheld device that allows simultaneous measurement of many blood parameters in minutes and using merely 100 μl of whole blood. However, the recent advances in medical analytical instruments have allowed the development of portable devices capable of accurately assessing a variety of relevant blood parameters one of the most widely used systems today is the i-STAT ® (Abbot Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA). This requirement sets boundaries for the blood parameters that can be assessed using conventional techniques in remote locations and has been a considerable constraint for remote patient care and for field research on the physiology of non-domesticated animal taxa. acid–base status and blood gases) need to be measured immediately after collection for maximal accuracy. Some parameters, such as plasma ion and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, can be assessed after freezing (a prerequisite for many field studies in biology), but other blood parameters (e.g. While adequate blood sampling is now easily accomplished using cannulation and arterial puncture or venipuncture techniques, analysis typically requires sophisticated laboratory equipment, trained personnel and a considerable time investment. Thus, blood sampling and analysis are routinely performed in human and veterinary medicine, as well as more broadly in physiological research, including the growing fields of wildlife surveillance and conservation physiology ( Cooke et al., 2013). The analysis of blood parameters plays a key role in determining an organism's health- and/or physiological status.
In conclusion, the i-STAT system can easily generate fast results from rainbow trout whole blood, but many are inaccurate values. Application of conversion factors to correct i-STAT measurements is not recommended, due to significant effects of temperature, Hct and PCO 2 on the measurement errors and complex interactions may exist. The algorithm that the i-STAT uses to calculate sO 2 did not yield meaningful results on rainbow trout blood. Haematocrit was consistently underestimated by the i-STAT, while the measurements of Na +, PCO 2, HCO 3 − and PO 2 were variably inaccurate over the range of values typically found in fish. Our results indicate that pH was measured accurately with the i-STAT system over a physiological pH range and using the i-STAT temperature correction. This methodological comparison was performed at two temperatures (10 and 20☌), two haematocrits (low and high) and three PCO 2 levels (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%). The present study analysed a range of blood parameters in a model teleost fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) using the i-STAT system (CG8+ cartridges) and established laboratory techniques. Although originally conceived for clinical application and to replace robust but lengthy techniques, researchers have extended the use of the i-STAT system outside of humans and even to poikilothermic fish, with only limited validation. Portable clinical analysers, such as the i-STAT system, are increasingly being used for blood analysis in animal ecology and physiology because of their portability and easy operation.
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